Antidepressants 101: How They Work and What to Expect
Antidepressants are some of the most-often prescribed medications in the U.S., particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. These medications are used to treat depression and manage other mood disorders such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here’s how they work and what to expect from them if you’re considering treatment with an antidepressant.
Types of Antidepressants and How They Work
In general, antidepressants work by increasing levels of neurotransmitters, like serotonin and noradrenaline, in the brain, helping improve mood and emotional stability. However there are several classes of antidepressants, each working slightly differently. These include:
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants due to their effectiveness and relatively low side effect profile. They are typically used for moderate to severe depression.
Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
SNRIs are similar to SSRIs but also increase levels of norepinephrine in addition to serotonin. They are used for depression and other mood disorders, including certain pain disorders and ADHD.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
TCAs are an older class of antidepressants that are effective but have more side effects. They are often used for treatment-resistant depression and certain types of anxiety and mood disorders.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
MAOIs are less commonly prescribed today due to their side effects and dietary restrictions. However, they can be effective for patients who do not respond to other medications.
Antidepressants: Understanding Potential Side Effects
Starting antidepressants can come with a range of side effects. Most are mild and / or temporary. But it’s important to understand them ahead of time. Some common side effects include:
· Nausea: This often begins early and usually subsides as your body adjusts to the medication. Taking medication with food can help.
· Dizziness: Rising slowly from sitting or lying positions can help manage dizziness.
· Insomnia: Taking medication in the morning and cutting out caffeine can help alleviate this issue.
· Weight gain: Monitoring diet and maintaining physical activity can help manage weight changes.
· Sexual side effects: Reduced libido and difficulty achieving orgasm are common but can be managed with dose adjustments or medication changes.
What to Expect When Starting Antidepressants
When starting antidepressants, it's important to manage your expectations. Unlike some medications, antidepressants do not provide immediate relief. It may take several weeks to start noticing improvements in mood and energy levels.
During this period, it's important to maintain communication with your doctor about your progress and any side effects. They can adjust dosages or prescribe different medications if necessary. Whatever you do, don't abruptly stop taking the medication. This can lead to withdrawal symptoms and a return of depressive symptoms.
Get Relief From Depression, Anxiety, and More
Antidepressants are a powerful tool in managing depression and other mood disorders. While starting these medications can involve navigating some side effects and adjustments, they can significantly improve quality of life—making them a valuable option.
If you’re struggling with depression, anxiety, a mood disorder, or another mental health condition, get help. Contact Coastal Psychiatry today to request a free consultation.